Showing posts with label DIY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label DIY. Show all posts
Thursday, 31 August 2017
TTL - Index and notes
There seem to be three common families of ICs that I regularly come across when building synths.
1. CMOS (digital)
2. Linear (mainly analog)
3. TTL (Digital)
Linear ICs are solid-state analog devices characterized by a theoretically infinite number of possible operating states. They operate over a continuous range of input levels. In contrast, digital ICs have a finite number of discrete input and output states.
I've already started a page on CMOS. You can see it here.
(I'll do a Linear page later)
TTL and CMOS contain digital devices such as logic gates, flip flops, counters, decoders, etc.
Linear ICs are mostly analog and you will see them in amps, oscillators, regulators, etc etc
TTL stands for Transistor-Transistor Logic. They are built from bipolar junction transistors and resistors.
The ICs are mostly 4 or 5 digits and usually start with a 74 or 54. (eg: 7400 or 5404).
They are less sensitive to static electricity (unlike CMOS),
but have a narrow operational voltage range (5 to 5.25V).
Inputs should always go somewhere. That is not be left floating.
TTL ICs use much more current that CMOS but are faster.
TTL have a low input impedance in comparison to CMOS .
Common ICs
7400 - quad 2 input NAND eg74HC00 (LZX Castle Multi Gate)
7402 - quad 2 input NOR gate
7404 - Hex inverter
7408 - quad 2 input AND eg:74HC08
7410 - triple 3 input NAND
74100 - Dual 4-bit Latch (Texas Instruments)
7411 - triple 3 input AND
74174 - Flip Flop LZX Flip Flop Hex w/ Clear (74HC174)
74191 - four bit counter (LZX castle counter 74HC191N)
7420 - dual 4-input NAND
7421 - Dual 4-input AND
7427 - triple 3 input NOR
74LS273 - CMOS Latch (Ken Stone's CGS11 - D/A converter)
74284 - 4-bit Binary Multiplier, low byte - Texas Instruments
74285 - 4-bit binary multiplier , high byte - Texas Instruments
7432 - quad 2-input OR
74HC393 - flop flop (Hyve Synth)
744002 - dual 4-input NOR
744075 - triple 3-input OR
747266 - quad 2-input XNOR
7486 - quad 2-input XOR
74C922 - CMOS key encoders with all the necessary logic to encode an array of SPST switches.
(Ken Stones CGS 10 pedal)
The history and identification of the TTL chip family
TTL was invented in 1961 by James L. Buie. The first commercial integrated-circuit TTL devices were manufactured by Sylvania in 1963. TTL became popular with electronic systems designers after Texas Instruments introduced the 5400 series of ICs, in 1964 and the later 7400 series in 1966.
The Texas Instruments 7400 family became an industry standard. Compatible parts were made by Motorola, AMD, Fairchild, Intel,and many other manufacturers around the world.
* 74xx - old original chips. Now obsolete
* 74Sxx - Higher speed Schottky. (1969). Also obsolete
* 74LSxx - Low power Schottky
* 74ASxx - Advanced Schottky (1985)
* 74HCxx - High speed using CMOS circuitry
* 74HCT - High speed,low power using CMOS circuitry. The devices are pin compatible with existing devices such as the 74TTL, 74STTL, 4000 series and the 74LS family.
* 74xx - that have other letters after the 74. These are usually modern, fast surface mount
TTL devices are usually packaged in dual in-line packages (DIPs), usually with 14 to 24 pins.
Today, many TTL-compatible devices are available in surface-mount packages, which are available in a wider array of types than through-hole packages.
Most manufacturers offer commercial and extended temperature ranges: for example Texas Instruments 7400 series parts are rated from 0 to 70 °C, and 5400 series devices over the military-specification temperature range of −55 to +125 °C.
Links
+ Ken Stone Digitally controlled oscillator
+ List of 7400 series ICs
+Transistor-Transistor Logic
Please let me know if there are any mistakes or omissions.
1. CMOS (digital)
2. Linear (mainly analog)
3. TTL (Digital)
Linear ICs are solid-state analog devices characterized by a theoretically infinite number of possible operating states. They operate over a continuous range of input levels. In contrast, digital ICs have a finite number of discrete input and output states.
I've already started a page on CMOS. You can see it here.
(I'll do a Linear page later)
TTL and CMOS contain digital devices such as logic gates, flip flops, counters, decoders, etc.
Linear ICs are mostly analog and you will see them in amps, oscillators, regulators, etc etc
TTL stands for Transistor-Transistor Logic. They are built from bipolar junction transistors and resistors.
The ICs are mostly 4 or 5 digits and usually start with a 74 or 54. (eg: 7400 or 5404).
They are less sensitive to static electricity (unlike CMOS),
but have a narrow operational voltage range (5 to 5.25V).
Inputs should always go somewhere. That is not be left floating.
TTL ICs use much more current that CMOS but are faster.
TTL have a low input impedance in comparison to CMOS .
Common ICs
7400 - quad 2 input NAND eg74HC00 (LZX Castle Multi Gate)
7402 - quad 2 input NOR gate
7404 - Hex inverter
7408 - quad 2 input AND eg:74HC08
7410 - triple 3 input NAND
74100 - Dual 4-bit Latch (Texas Instruments)
7411 - triple 3 input AND
74174 - Flip Flop LZX Flip Flop Hex w/ Clear (74HC174)
74191 - four bit counter (LZX castle counter 74HC191N)
7420 - dual 4-input NAND
7421 - Dual 4-input AND
7427 - triple 3 input NOR
74LS273 - CMOS Latch (Ken Stone's CGS11 - D/A converter)
74284 - 4-bit Binary Multiplier, low byte - Texas Instruments
74285 - 4-bit binary multiplier , high byte - Texas Instruments
7432 - quad 2-input OR
74HC393 - flop flop (Hyve Synth)
744002 - dual 4-input NOR
744075 - triple 3-input OR
747266 - quad 2-input XNOR
7486 - quad 2-input XOR
74C922 - CMOS key encoders with all the necessary logic to encode an array of SPST switches.
(Ken Stones CGS 10 pedal)
The history and identification of the TTL chip family
TTL was invented in 1961 by James L. Buie. The first commercial integrated-circuit TTL devices were manufactured by Sylvania in 1963. TTL became popular with electronic systems designers after Texas Instruments introduced the 5400 series of ICs, in 1964 and the later 7400 series in 1966.
The Texas Instruments 7400 family became an industry standard. Compatible parts were made by Motorola, AMD, Fairchild, Intel,and many other manufacturers around the world.
* 74xx - old original chips. Now obsolete
* 74Sxx - Higher speed Schottky. (1969). Also obsolete
* 74LSxx - Low power Schottky
* 74ASxx - Advanced Schottky (1985)
* 74HCxx - High speed using CMOS circuitry
* 74HCT - High speed,low power using CMOS circuitry. The devices are pin compatible with existing devices such as the 74TTL, 74STTL, 4000 series and the 74LS family.
* 74xx - that have other letters after the 74. These are usually modern, fast surface mount
TTL devices are usually packaged in dual in-line packages (DIPs), usually with 14 to 24 pins.
Today, many TTL-compatible devices are available in surface-mount packages, which are available in a wider array of types than through-hole packages.
Most manufacturers offer commercial and extended temperature ranges: for example Texas Instruments 7400 series parts are rated from 0 to 70 °C, and 5400 series devices over the military-specification temperature range of −55 to +125 °C.
Links
+ Ken Stone Digitally controlled oscillator
+ List of 7400 series ICs
+Transistor-Transistor Logic
Please let me know if there are any mistakes or omissions.
Wednesday, 23 August 2017
Giant Bono - NLC build notes.
This Eurorack module is related to two earlier Nonlinearcircuit modules I've built.
The Vactrol PiLL and the DelayNoMore.
The Vactrol Pill used the famous phase locked loop IC - the CMOS 4046
The delay, uses the PT2399 chip.
Andrew describes it as such:
"Mostly, as the name implies, this module will make a lot of crappy noise and is only controllable in the sense of how crappy it sounds".
Awesome If you love noise & distortion like I do, this should be a cool module.
Andrew's build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/giant%20B0N0%20build%20and%20BOM.pdf
The 4046 has a linear voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and two different phase comparators (PC1 & PC2). They have a common signal-input amplifier and a common comparator input.
"The mixoutput (of the Giant Bono) is comprised of the PLL VCO signal and the delay chip’s main output. VCO output is the raw PLL VCO.
The PC1 (phase comparator) is a 0-6V square wave, usually at audio rates.
PC2 is a lot more sporadic and is best used as a burst generator."
--------
I'm building version 6 of the PCB
I think these have the earlier errors mentioned in the build notes fixed.
---------------
The virgin PCB & faceplate.
Hot Hot Hot....
I like to get the surface mount ICs on first. then the rest of the SMds
This is where the vactrol goes
K= cathode.
Marked with a white dot on the vactrol
Headers, caps, rest of the thru hole stuff.
Jacks and knobs. All 100k B
Links
NLC Blog
NLC build notes
The Vactrol PiLL and the DelayNoMore.
The Vactrol Pill used the famous phase locked loop IC - the CMOS 4046
The delay, uses the PT2399 chip.
Andrew describes it as such:
"Mostly, as the name implies, this module will make a lot of crappy noise and is only controllable in the sense of how crappy it sounds".
Awesome If you love noise & distortion like I do, this should be a cool module.
Andrew's build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/giant%20B0N0%20build%20and%20BOM.pdf
The 4046 has a linear voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and two different phase comparators (PC1 & PC2). They have a common signal-input amplifier and a common comparator input.
"The mixoutput (of the Giant Bono) is comprised of the PLL VCO signal and the delay chip’s main output. VCO output is the raw PLL VCO.
The PC1 (phase comparator) is a 0-6V square wave, usually at audio rates.
PC2 is a lot more sporadic and is best used as a burst generator."
--------
I'm building version 6 of the PCB
I think these have the earlier errors mentioned in the build notes fixed.
---------------
The virgin PCB & faceplate.
Hot Hot Hot....
I like to get the surface mount ICs on first. then the rest of the SMds
This is where the vactrol goes
K= cathode.
Marked with a white dot on the vactrol
Headers, caps, rest of the thru hole stuff.
Jacks and knobs. All 100k B
Links
NLC Blog
NLC build notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can find more NLC builds here.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, 20 August 2017
Divine CMOS - NLC - Build notes
Some build notes for the nonlinearcircuit divine CMOS.
I first encountered this circuit in 4U. Its a great module.
Now I have the fortune to build this in Eurorack format and see how it works.
There are 2 CMOS chips. A CD4520 & a CD4070.
Both are surface mount.
The CD4520 is a CMOS Dual Binary Up-counter.
It consists of 2 identical 4 stage counters.
The CD4070 is a Quad 2-input Exclusive - OR gate (XOR)
You can also use in its place a 4011 (NAND), 4001(OR), 4071(0R) 4077(XNOR), 4081(AND).
The Divine CMOS is a divider & mixer. Can be used with both audio and CV/LFO inputs to either divide and mix up audio level harmonics or get interesting patterns to drive other modules.
Andrew's Build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/DivineCMOS%20Euro%20Build%20notes.pdf
The virgin PCBs & faceplate.
I don't have all the components yet .. on back order.
The S1JL rectifier is still on back order so I'm using replacements.
Mouser Part No: 583-FM4005-T for the recitfier.
The rectifier is polarized. The cathode end is marked with a band.
This replacement is slightly too big for the PCB. so i had to solder it on its side.
The trannies are all 847s
I used a standard 3mm LED instead of a bipolar.
I first encountered this circuit in 4U. Its a great module.
Now I have the fortune to build this in Eurorack format and see how it works.
There are 2 CMOS chips. A CD4520 & a CD4070.
Both are surface mount.
The CD4520 is a CMOS Dual Binary Up-counter.
It consists of 2 identical 4 stage counters.
The CD4070 is a Quad 2-input Exclusive - OR gate (XOR)
You can also use in its place a 4011 (NAND), 4001(OR), 4071(0R) 4077(XNOR), 4081(AND).
The Divine CMOS is a divider & mixer. Can be used with both audio and CV/LFO inputs to either divide and mix up audio level harmonics or get interesting patterns to drive other modules.
Andrew's Build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/DivineCMOS%20Euro%20Build%20notes.pdf
The virgin PCBs & faceplate.
I don't have all the components yet .. on back order.
The S1JL rectifier is still on back order so I'm using replacements.
Mouser Part No: 583-FM4005-T for the recitfier.
The rectifier is polarized. The cathode end is marked with a band.
The trannies are all 847s
I used a standard 3mm LED instead of a bipolar.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can find more NLC builds here.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, 19 August 2017
CMOS - useful chips for DIY Lunetta Synths
Over the past few years of building the odd Synth module I've come across the 4000 series of CMOS (Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) chips time and again.
I am an analog addict but I must say that the digital 4000 series is very versatile.
In this post I'm mainly referring to the CMOS family CD4XXXX. They are typically four or five digits long but always start with a "4".
There are many equivalent chips in the TTL 74XX and 74HCXXX family but these are trickier to use as their power supply range is more restricted (2V to 6V). (Eg: the 74HC4066 was a replacement for the 4066 with slightly different electrical characteristics). In comparison The CMOS 4XXXX has a much wider range (+3 to +15V). Sometimes, the 4000-series has "borrowed" from the 7400 series - such as the CD40193 and CD40161 being pin-for-pin functional replacements for 74C193 and 74C161.
It's hard to keep track of what each chip is capable of so I've decided to start a list.
I've added links to any NLC modules I've built that use CMOS logic.
(I've also added a few other CMOS chips that don't belong in the 4000 range, but are still useful)
I hope this list will help others in the DIY community as it grows over the coming years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A single CMOS input /output is refered to as a Logic Gate.
CMOS works with digital logic... it outputs zeros & ones & the output waveshape is always square.
(It doesn't matter what the waveshape that you put into it).
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. By using combinations of these three basic gates, the AND gate, the NOT gate and OR gate, we can construct quite complex circuits.
AND Gate
(It's the complement of the OR gate)
An example is the CD4081. This chip has four AND gates.
A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs are HIGH (1).
If none or not all inputs are HIGH, a LOW output results.
In another sense, the function of AND effectively finds the minimum between two binary digits, just as the complementary OR function finds the max.
NOT Gate
Also called the inverter. Examples are CD4069/CD4049).
Its inverts the output, or more specifically, the output is 180 degress out of phase with the input.
OR Gate
(It's the complement of the AND gate)
(eg CD4071) A HIGH output (1) results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1). If neither input is high, a LOW output (0) results.
In another sense, the function of OR effectively finds the maximum between two binary digits, just as the complementary AND function finds the minimum.
-------------------------
40106 - hex schmitt trigger inverters.(can also use a 74c14)
This can make 6 square/pulse wave oscillators
Ken stones Psycho LFO ,CGS03
(Ken Stones CGS06 - Burst generator)
Hyve synth
4018 - presettable divide by N Counter. The jam inputs can be used t0 preset the counter
to a certain count and the reset input can be used to clear to count to zero.
4020 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter
4022 - Divide-by-8 counter/divider
4024 - shift register- Seven stage ripple carry binary counter (NLC Null A).
NLC Divide & Conquer, ,
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
(Ken Stones CGS08 - V8 Simulator)
(Ken Stones CGS09 - Voltage controlled divider)
Polyfusion octave divider
4027B - J-K Type Flip-Flop
I am an analog addict but I must say that the digital 4000 series is very versatile.
In this post I'm mainly referring to the CMOS family CD4XXXX. They are typically four or five digits long but always start with a "4".
There are many equivalent chips in the TTL 74XX and 74HCXXX family but these are trickier to use as their power supply range is more restricted (2V to 6V). (Eg: the 74HC4066 was a replacement for the 4066 with slightly different electrical characteristics). In comparison The CMOS 4XXXX has a much wider range (+3 to +15V). Sometimes, the 4000-series has "borrowed" from the 7400 series - such as the CD40193 and CD40161 being pin-for-pin functional replacements for 74C193 and 74C161.
It's hard to keep track of what each chip is capable of so I've decided to start a list.
I've added links to any NLC modules I've built that use CMOS logic.
(I've also added a few other CMOS chips that don't belong in the 4000 range, but are still useful)
I hope this list will help others in the DIY community as it grows over the coming years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A single CMOS input /output is refered to as a Logic Gate.
CMOS works with digital logic... it outputs zeros & ones & the output waveshape is always square.
(It doesn't matter what the waveshape that you put into it).
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. By using combinations of these three basic gates, the AND gate, the NOT gate and OR gate, we can construct quite complex circuits.
AND Gate
(It's the complement of the OR gate)
An example is the CD4081. This chip has four AND gates.
A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs are HIGH (1).
If none or not all inputs are HIGH, a LOW output results.
In another sense, the function of AND effectively finds the minimum between two binary digits, just as the complementary OR function finds the max.
NOT Gate
Also called the inverter. Examples are CD4069/CD4049).
Its inverts the output, or more specifically, the output is 180 degress out of phase with the input.
OR Gate
(It's the complement of the AND gate)
(eg CD4071) A HIGH output (1) results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1). If neither input is high, a LOW output (0) results.
In another sense, the function of OR effectively finds the maximum between two binary digits, just as the complementary AND function finds the minimum.
-------------------------
40106 - hex schmitt trigger inverters.(can also use a 74c14)
This can make 6 square/pulse wave oscillators
Ken stones Psycho LFO ,CGS03
(Ken Stones CGS06 - Burst generator)
Hyve synth
40175 - Hex/Quad D Flip-Flop (NLC Stoachaos)
40193 - Binary Up/Down Counter
4001 - Quad two-input NOR gate (four NOR gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos), CellF Voice
LZX Castle 101 quad gate
Doepfer A-140 ADSR
4006 - shift register (Klee sequencer)
4007 - (CD4007, HCF4007, HEF4007, MC14007...) .- misc gates
4009 - Hex inverter (six NOT gates),
4011 - (CD4011, HEF4011, HCF4011, MC14011...)
Quad two-input NAND gate (four NAND gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos)
LZX Castle 101 quad gate
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
4013 - Dual bistable Flip-Flop (MXR Delay pedal), (Ibanez FL-303 flanger pedal), (MXR Chorus Pedal)
Divide & Conquer
Roland SH101 --They fed the main oscillator output to the CMOS 4013 to give the
suboscillator waveforms. square at -1 octave, square at -2 octaves, and a pulse at -2 octaves.
Plumbutter - Ciat Lonbarde - Deerhorn?, Gong
Ciat Lonbarde - Paper Circuit -Swoop
Ciat Lonbarde - Papercircuit - Esoterica
EDP Wasp
4015 - 8 position shift register. (LZX Castle 110 shift register video module)
(Ken Stones Gated Comparator)
Plumbutter - Ciat Lonbarde - Man with the red Steam
Ciat Lonbarde - Old Mr Grassi -Paper Circuit
Lorre Mill U Tone
4016 - (74HC4016, CD4016, HCF4016, HEF4016,TC4016... ) analog bilateral switch
4017 - decade counter (Squid axon),
(1050 mix sequencer)
Baby 10 sequencer.(The 4017 has 10 decoded outputs)
ARSEq Sequencer/EG
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
(Ken Stones CGS06 - Burst generator)
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
40193 - Binary Up/Down Counter
4001 - Quad two-input NOR gate (four NOR gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos), CellF Voice
LZX Castle 101 quad gate
Doepfer A-140 ADSR
4006 - shift register (Klee sequencer)
4007 - (CD4007, HCF4007, HEF4007, MC14007...) .- misc gates
4009 - Hex inverter (six NOT gates),
4011 - (CD4011, HEF4011, HCF4011, MC14011...)
Quad two-input NAND gate (four NAND gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos)
LZX Castle 101 quad gate
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
4013 - Dual bistable Flip-Flop (MXR Delay pedal), (Ibanez FL-303 flanger pedal), (MXR Chorus Pedal)
Divide & Conquer
Roland SH101 --They fed the main oscillator output to the CMOS 4013 to give the
suboscillator waveforms. square at -1 octave, square at -2 octaves, and a pulse at -2 octaves.
Plumbutter - Ciat Lonbarde - Deerhorn?, Gong
Ciat Lonbarde - Paper Circuit -Swoop
Ciat Lonbarde - Papercircuit - Esoterica
EDP Wasp
4015 - 8 position shift register. (LZX Castle 110 shift register video module)
(Ken Stones Gated Comparator)
Plumbutter - Ciat Lonbarde - Man with the red Steam
Ciat Lonbarde - Old Mr Grassi -Paper Circuit
Lorre Mill U Tone
4016 - (74HC4016, CD4016, HCF4016, HEF4016,TC4016... ) analog bilateral switch
4017 - decade counter (Squid axon),
(1050 mix sequencer)
Baby 10 sequencer.(The 4017 has 10 decoded outputs)
ARSEq Sequencer/EG
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
(Ken Stones CGS06 - Burst generator)
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
4018 - presettable divide by N Counter. The jam inputs can be used t0 preset the counter
to a certain count and the reset input can be used to clear to count to zero.
4020 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter
4022 - Divide-by-8 counter/divider
4024 - shift register- Seven stage ripple carry binary counter (NLC Null A).
NLC Divide & Conquer, ,
( Ken stones CGS01 - Suboscillator)
(Ken Stones CGS08 - V8 Simulator)
(Ken Stones CGS09 - Voltage controlled divider)
Polyfusion octave divider
4027B - J-K Type Flip-Flop
4028 - BCD-to-decimal Decoder NLC Stochaos
4029 - 4 stage counter-binary/decade (NLC 4SEQ)
(NLC 32:1)
(Null A),
Bindubba sequencer
4030 - Quad two-input XOR gate (four XOR gates), (NLC Bools), (NLC Divine Cmos)
74HC4040 - 12-bit binary Ripple Counter
4034 - 8-Stage tri-state bidirectional parallel/serial input/output bus register. (Klee sequencer)
4040 - divider/ripple counter/Binary counter.
There is an internal chain of divide by 2 circuits. The first output will have half
the frequency of the clock, the next output will have half the frequency of that, etc etc
Vidiffektor
4042 - Quad D-Latch
4046 - (CD4046, 74HC4046, MC14046, HCF4046...)
PLL (Phase Locked Loop), built in VCO, (NLC Vactrol Pill),
RingPull
Giant Bono
Wagernumb
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
EDP Wasp
Lorre Mill U Tone
4049 - INVERTER - also sometimes called a NOT gate or hex invertering buffer (it has 6 gates) Can be used in linear amplifiers.
4050 - Buffer (mostly used for interfacing to TLL logic).
4051 - (CD4051, 74HC4051, HCF4051...)
Eight channel multiplexer
Fairlight CMI IIx - Switched resistor filter
Ciat-Lonbarde - Tetrazzi
Ciat Lonbarde - Paper Circuit -Terazzi organus
4052 - (HEF4052, CD4052, 74HC4052, MC14052, MC4052...)
Dual 4 channel multiplexer, (NLC 4SEQ)
(Null A)
Bindubba sequencer
Vectrex Video Game
Ciat Lonbarde - Master Brando - Paper Circuit
4053 - (HEF4053, CD4053, MC14053, 74HC4053...
74HC4060 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter
4060 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter. Has a built in oscillator
4066 - (HCF4066, CD4066, 74HC4066...) quad bilateral analog switch.
CellF Voice
Ciat Lonbarde - Ultrasound
4067 - Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
Ciat Lonbarde Gerassic Organ
4068 - 8-input NAND/AND gate.
4069 - (CD4069, HEF4069, TC4069, HCF4069...)... WASP filter
INVERTER - also sometimes called a NOT gate or hex invertering buffer (it has 6 gates) Can be used in linear amplifiers.(get the 4069UB - unbalanced)
4070 - XOR gate (four Exclusive OR gates) (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine CMOS)
Divide & Conquer
(LZX 101 quad gate) video synth
One of the inputs decides if the gate is inverting or non-inverting by tieing
the input to either +V (non-inverting) or ground (inverting). I
4071 - Quad two-input OR gate (four OR gates) (NLC Bools)
(1050 mix sequencer)
With either or both inputs high, the output will be high.
With both inputs low, the output will be low.
Input A or Input B needs to be high for the output to be high...thus the "OR gate".
4077 - Quad two-input XNOR gate (four XNOR gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos)
Ciat_Lonbarde-Madame Brasser Paper Circuit
4081 - Quad two-input AND gate (four AND gates) - (NLC Divine Cmos, Bindubba sequencer)
(NLC Bools)
(1050 mix sequencer)
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
Ciat Lonbarde -Paper Circuit - Multioscillator Superposition control system
So this chip has four AND gates & each gate has two inputs.
With either or both inputs low, the output will be low;
with both inputs high, the output will be high.
Both input A and input B needs to be high for the output to be high,
hence the name "AND gate"
4089 - binary rate multiplier- it's a divider where the input pattern determines
the number of pulses that appear on the output.
4093 - quad schmitt trigger/ NAND gates (can make 4 square wave oscillators.)
4094 - 8 stage serial shift register (8bitcipher)
4096 - shift register
4514 - Four Bit Latch / 4-16 Line Decoder
4520 - Dual Binary up counter (NLC Divine Cmos)
Double Gate CMOS (DG)
Traditional CMOS technology is approaching physicial limitations was we approach the nanoscale regime.
One such solution is the double gate transistor, proposed in the 1980s.
"Multigate transistors are one of the several strategies being developed by CMOS semiconductor manufacturers to create ever-smaller microprocessors and memory cells, colloquially referred to as extending Moore's law."
Other possible solutions include SOI devices, Strained-silicon FETs and carbon nanotube FETs
DG 202 - quad SPST CMOS analog switches (NLC Dual LPG) .., (NLC Dual LFO/VCO)
DG 212 - quad SPST CMOS analog switches (NLC Dual LPG)
DG 406 - multiplexer (NLC 32:1)
DG 408 - 1 to 8 multiplixer designed to connect one of eight inputs to a common
output as determined by a 3-bit binary address (A0, A1, A2).
(NLC Statues)
DG 412 - analog switch (plague of Demons)
(router)
DG 508 - 8-channel single-ended analogmultiplexer designed to connect
one of eight inputs to acommon output as determined by a 3-bit binary address(A0, A1, A2).
(NLC Statues)
The CMOS synth was also made famous by Stanley Lunetta of Sacramento who passed away on March 3, 2016.
His Lunetta Synth inspired the DIY synthesizer community. He used mainly 4000 series CMOS chips.
They define the default state of the input (whether or not the switch is open, closed or there is nothing connected to it).
For example, any spare gates can be tied together or connected to a fixed voltage, using a high value resistor (10k -100K) to either the Vcc voltage, (pull-up) or via a low value resistor to 0V (GND), known as pull-down. Unused inputs should never be left floating about.
-----------------------------------------------
Analog Multiplexer/Switches
406 - (DG 406) multiplexer (NLC 32:1)
412 - (DG 412) - analog switch (plague of Demons)
(router)
---------------------------------------------
Oscillators
40106 - 6 square wave oscillators
(NLC 32:1)
(Null A),
Bindubba sequencer
4030 - Quad two-input XOR gate (four XOR gates), (NLC Bools), (NLC Divine Cmos)
74HC4040 - 12-bit binary Ripple Counter
4034 - 8-Stage tri-state bidirectional parallel/serial input/output bus register. (Klee sequencer)
4040 - divider/ripple counter/Binary counter.
There is an internal chain of divide by 2 circuits. The first output will have half
the frequency of the clock, the next output will have half the frequency of that, etc etc
Vidiffektor
4042 - Quad D-Latch
4046 - (CD4046, 74HC4046, MC14046, HCF4046...)
PLL (Phase Locked Loop), built in VCO, (NLC Vactrol Pill),
RingPull
Giant Bono
Wagernumb
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
EDP Wasp
Lorre Mill U Tone
4049 - INVERTER - also sometimes called a NOT gate or hex invertering buffer (it has 6 gates) Can be used in linear amplifiers.
4050 - Buffer (mostly used for interfacing to TLL logic).
4051 - (CD4051, 74HC4051, HCF4051...)
Eight channel multiplexer
Fairlight CMI IIx - Switched resistor filter
Ciat-Lonbarde - Tetrazzi
Ciat Lonbarde - Paper Circuit -Terazzi organus
4052 - (HEF4052, CD4052, 74HC4052, MC14052, MC4052...)
Dual 4 channel multiplexer, (NLC 4SEQ)
(Null A)
Bindubba sequencer
Vectrex Video Game
Ciat Lonbarde - Master Brando - Paper Circuit
4053 - (HEF4053, CD4053, MC14053, 74HC4053...
74HC4060 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter
4060 - 14-bit binary Ripple Counter. Has a built in oscillator
4066 - (HCF4066, CD4066, 74HC4066...) quad bilateral analog switch.
CellF Voice
Ciat Lonbarde - Ultrasound
4067 - Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
Ciat Lonbarde Gerassic Organ
4068 - 8-input NAND/AND gate.
4069 - (CD4069, HEF4069, TC4069, HCF4069...)... WASP filter
INVERTER - also sometimes called a NOT gate or hex invertering buffer (it has 6 gates) Can be used in linear amplifiers.(get the 4069UB - unbalanced)
4070 - XOR gate (four Exclusive OR gates) (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine CMOS)
Divide & Conquer
(LZX 101 quad gate) video synth
One of the inputs decides if the gate is inverting or non-inverting by tieing
the input to either +V (non-inverting) or ground (inverting). I
4071 - Quad two-input OR gate (four OR gates) (NLC Bools)
(1050 mix sequencer)
With either or both inputs high, the output will be high.
With both inputs low, the output will be low.
Input A or Input B needs to be high for the output to be high...thus the "OR gate".
4077 - Quad two-input XNOR gate (four XNOR gates), (NLC Bools)
(NLC Divine Cmos)
Ciat_Lonbarde-Madame Brasser Paper Circuit
4081 - Quad two-input AND gate (four AND gates) - (NLC Divine Cmos, Bindubba sequencer)
(NLC Bools)
(1050 mix sequencer)
(Ken stones CGS07 - gate sequencer)
Ciat Lonbarde -Paper Circuit - Multioscillator Superposition control system
So this chip has four AND gates & each gate has two inputs.
With either or both inputs low, the output will be low;
with both inputs high, the output will be high.
Both input A and input B needs to be high for the output to be high,
hence the name "AND gate"
4089 - binary rate multiplier- it's a divider where the input pattern determines
the number of pulses that appear on the output.
4093 - quad schmitt trigger/ NAND gates (can make 4 square wave oscillators.)
4094 - 8 stage serial shift register (8bitcipher)
4096 - shift register
4514 - Four Bit Latch / 4-16 Line Decoder
4520 - Dual Binary up counter (NLC Divine Cmos)
Double Gate CMOS (DG)
Traditional CMOS technology is approaching physicial limitations was we approach the nanoscale regime.
One such solution is the double gate transistor, proposed in the 1980s.
"Multigate transistors are one of the several strategies being developed by CMOS semiconductor manufacturers to create ever-smaller microprocessors and memory cells, colloquially referred to as extending Moore's law."
Other possible solutions include SOI devices, Strained-silicon FETs and carbon nanotube FETs
DG 202 - quad SPST CMOS analog switches (NLC Dual LPG) .., (NLC Dual LFO/VCO)
DG 212 - quad SPST CMOS analog switches (NLC Dual LPG)
DG 406 - multiplexer (NLC 32:1)
DG 408 - 1 to 8 multiplixer designed to connect one of eight inputs to a common
output as determined by a 3-bit binary address (A0, A1, A2).
(NLC Statues)
DG 412 - analog switch (plague of Demons)
(router)
DG 508 - 8-channel single-ended analogmultiplexer designed to connect
one of eight inputs to acommon output as determined by a 3-bit binary address(A0, A1, A2).
(NLC Statues)
In vintage synths the most popular of the 4000-series chips appear to be
the analog bilateral switches (4016, 4066), the analog multiplexer/demultiplexers
4051, 4052,4053, 4067) and the 4046 phase-locked loop (PLL). These allow the routing of analog control signals.
The 4046 PLL was used in such machines as the OSCar.
The CMOS synth was also made famous by Stanley Lunetta of Sacramento who passed away on March 3, 2016.
His Lunetta Synth inspired the DIY synthesizer community. He used mainly 4000 series CMOS chips.
Experimentation really is the whole point. Learning what the different types of logic chips do, and making use of them in interesting ways.
Lots of these chips are logic gates:
Precautions
When DIYing with CMOS logic chips be careful of damage caused by static electricity. Ground yourself or use a static mat.Store them in conductive foam or foamed plactic wrapped in aluminium foil.
You must connect any unused chip inputs to either VDD/VCC (V+) or VSS (ground). All inputs must go somewhere, either directly or with resistor.
Inputs that goes off board should have a load resistor connected (1M resistor to ground).
This brings us to what are referred to as Pull-up Resistors and Pull-down Resistors.
Inputs must not exceed VDD and never apply a input signal to an unpowered CMOS circuit.
Lots of these chips are logic gates:
Precautions
When DIYing with CMOS logic chips be careful of damage caused by static electricity. Ground yourself or use a static mat.Store them in conductive foam or foamed plactic wrapped in aluminium foil.
You must connect any unused chip inputs to either VDD/VCC (V+) or VSS (ground). All inputs must go somewhere, either directly or with resistor.
Inputs that goes off board should have a load resistor connected (1M resistor to ground).
This brings us to what are referred to as Pull-up Resistors and Pull-down Resistors.
Inputs must not exceed VDD and never apply a input signal to an unpowered CMOS circuit.
Pullup & Pulldown resistors
These are used a lot in CMOS circuits.They define the default state of the input (whether or not the switch is open, closed or there is nothing connected to it).
For example, any spare gates can be tied together or connected to a fixed voltage, using a high value resistor (10k -100K) to either the Vcc voltage, (pull-up) or via a low value resistor to 0V (GND), known as pull-down. Unused inputs should never be left floating about.
-----------------------------------------------
Analog Multiplexer/Switches
406 - (DG 406) multiplexer (NLC 32:1)
412 - (DG 412) - analog switch (plague of Demons)
(router)
---------------------------------------------
Building a Lunetta Synth.
The modules you will need to build are Oscillators, filters, drums, sequencers, frequency dividers, clock dividers,amplifiers etcOscillators
40106 - 6 square wave oscillators
+ Making simple oscillators & LFOs
4093 - 4 square wave osc
4060 - It's a counter/divider & Oscillator. eg: The Olegtron
4046 - PLL
4069 - Rene Schmitz's exponential CMOS VCO
Noise
Run a few audio rate oscillators into the inputs of a logic gate (AND/OR/XOR)
Pitch Pattern Makers
4018 - modulo-n counter
http://electro-music.com/forum/topic-23896.html
4046/4017 - frequency synthesizer
4051/4017 - Slacker Melody generator
Sequencers
4017 - baby 10
4051/4017 - Slacker melody generator
4052 /4029
Dividers
4040 - my fav !
4017*
4024*
4018
4089
4060 ?
4516
4520
Filters
4069 WASP filter (CGS 749). The CD4069UB CMOS inverter, is used as opamp.
4007 - The MOSFET transistors of a 4007 are used as variable resistors.
Amplifiers (most of these are not CMOS but you might need them)
4096UB
4070 - quad XOR
LM386
741- (Weird Sound Generator)
LM324 - four op amps in one IC
TL072, TL074, TL08x, etc
Drum Modules
4096UB
Voltage Regulator
7805 - 5V regulator
Shift Registers
4006
4015
4024
Mixers
Use Op-amps (ok not CMOS)
4069
Switches
4066 - four logic controlled single-pole, single-throw switches in one intergated circuit. Nice !!
4067b - eg the Ciat Lonbarde Gerassic Organ.
It's a 16 channel multiplexer.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Useful links:
+ Msmodular
+ Introduction to Lunetta
+ NLC
+ Fun with Sea Moss
+ Strangeness & Calm
+ Wikipedia CMOS
+ List of 4000 series ICs
+ List of 7400 series ICs
+ TTL - transistor-transistor logic
+ Electromusic - circuits inspired by Stanley Lunetta
+ HackaDay - Logic Noise
+ James Schidlowsky - Handmade electronics
+ Nicolas Collins
To be continued
4093 - 4 square wave osc
4060 - It's a counter/divider & Oscillator. eg: The Olegtron
4046 - PLL
4069 - Rene Schmitz's exponential CMOS VCO
Noise
Run a few audio rate oscillators into the inputs of a logic gate (AND/OR/XOR)
Pitch Pattern Makers
4018 - modulo-n counter
http://electro-music.com/forum/topic-23896.html
4046/4017 - frequency synthesizer
4051/4017 - Slacker Melody generator
Sequencers
4017 - baby 10
4051/4017 - Slacker melody generator
4052 /4029
Dividers
4040 - my fav !
4017*
4024*
4018
4089
4060 ?
4516
4520
Filters
4069 WASP filter (CGS 749). The CD4069UB CMOS inverter, is used as opamp.
4007 - The MOSFET transistors of a 4007 are used as variable resistors.
Amplifiers (most of these are not CMOS but you might need them)
4096UB
4070 - quad XOR
LM386
741- (Weird Sound Generator)
LM324 - four op amps in one IC
TL072, TL074, TL08x, etc
Drum Modules
4096UB
Voltage Regulator
7805 - 5V regulator
Shift Registers
4006
4015
4024
Mixers
Use Op-amps (ok not CMOS)
4069
Switches
4066 - four logic controlled single-pole, single-throw switches in one intergated circuit. Nice !!
4067b - eg the Ciat Lonbarde Gerassic Organ.
It's a 16 channel multiplexer.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Useful links:
+ Msmodular
+ Introduction to Lunetta
+ NLC
+ Fun with Sea Moss
+ Strangeness & Calm
+ Wikipedia CMOS
+ List of 4000 series ICs
+ List of 7400 series ICs
+ TTL - transistor-transistor logic
+ Electromusic - circuits inspired by Stanley Lunetta
+ HackaDay - Logic Noise
+ James Schidlowsky - Handmade electronics
+ Nicolas Collins
To be continued
Thursday, 17 August 2017
NLC - RingPull - Rimples - Ringmods - build notes.
These are my build notes for the Nonlinearcircuits RingPull Eurorack module.
Actually, the final name isnt set in stone yet.
Rimples ?? Ringmods, ??? Ring Pull ??
The PCB above is I understand an earlier version called Rimples.
The version I'm building today is a prototype - version 5 of the module.
There might be future changes.
Andrew F describes it as a ring modulator with a phase locked loop to do the modulating!
The PLL can be set to lock tightly, loosely or not at all with the incoming signal.
Some pics of the virgin PCB & faceplate.:
At the time of writing, there are no official build notes or schematics.
The CD 4046 is a CMOS phase locked loop (PLL) IC.
Its the oscillator that provides the modulation for the ring mod
just the LED, sockets & pots to install
Links;
+ NLC Blog - things to come 2016, Rimples
+ Muffs - 2016
+ PLL - VCO basics- youtube
+ CMOS stuff
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click here to return to the NLC Build Index:
http://djjondent.blogspot.com.au/2015/03/non-linear-circuits-ncl-index.html
Actually, the final name isnt set in stone yet.
Rimples ?? Ringmods, ??? Ring Pull ??
The PCB above is I understand an earlier version called Rimples.
The version I'm building today is a prototype - version 5 of the module.
There might be future changes.
Andrew F describes it as a ring modulator with a phase locked loop to do the modulating!
The PLL can be set to lock tightly, loosely or not at all with the incoming signal.
Some pics of the virgin PCB & faceplate.:
At the time of writing, there are no official build notes or schematics.
The CD 4046 is a CMOS phase locked loop (PLL) IC.
Its the oscillator that provides the modulation for the ring mod
The resistor is 1M.
And I'm using LL4148 signal diodes.
The mouser no for the CD4046 is 595-CD4046BNSRE4
Its a phase locked loop PLL
The PCB indicated using a 10K resistor for the LED resistor. I ended up using a 510R .
Adjust for your own requirements.
+ NLC Blog - things to come 2016, Rimples
+ Muffs - 2016
+ PLL - VCO basics- youtube
+ CMOS stuff
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click here to return to the NLC Build Index:
http://djjondent.blogspot.com.au/2015/03/non-linear-circuits-ncl-index.html
Wednesday, 16 August 2017
Wagernumb - NLC - Build notes
These are my build notes for the Wagernumb.
It's a Nonlinearcircuits module in Eurorack format.
Looks to be quite versatile. Andrew's build notes describe it as 3 or 4 modules in one:
+ Frequency Tracker
+ Frequency / Clock divider - down to 1/4096
+ VCO
+ Random or Burst generator.
Basically it's a 1-16 decoder with sync and async
modes. Just feed it 4 signals and get all sorts of complex gate patterns
from it. Runs at audio rates too so can be used as a sub-octave
generator.
I also like using it to trigger my ARP 2500's envelope generator.
Like the Numberwang, it outputs lots of complex gate patterns. The gates are around the 7V level.
My ARP 2600 also happens to trigger at this level... though 10V is recommended.
To get 10V gates, use a TTSH gate booster.
Links
+The NLC build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/wangernumb_build&BOM.pdf
+ NLC blog
I'm guessing that the name for this module comes from the fictional television series in which the two contestants call out seemingly random numbers which are occasionally told to be Numberwang.
..
At the moment, this panel is a mystery to me.
It's not base-2, decimal or any other number system I can decipher.
The virgin PCB.
Some NLC words of wisdom: Frilve hundred and neeb .
509???
Get those ICs and trannies on first. then the rest of those passive SMDs
I don't have a CD4046... on back order. It's a PLL or phase locked loop CMOS chip.
I ordered the wrong size chip -- a TSSOP-16 . This is way too small.
Get one in the SOP-16 format
I'm using a Silonex NSL-32 vactrol. They are cheap as chips. The white dot marks the cathode of the LED part of the vactrol. Andrew has labeled this as "K" on the PCB.
The 4046 arrived.
Mouser: 595-CD4046BNSRE4
Pots - two B100K
There are 17 jacks.
Using the module:
There are 4 inputs on the left of the module.
The group of 12 outputs produce gates.
The VCO output is for audio & CVs
As a CV Tracker / CV divider:
Use the Track input at the very top.
The phase lock loop acts as a frequency tracker. The VCO Range CV input and filter pot will determine how well it will track. You also get 12 divisions of the tracking signal, right down to divide by 4096.
Clock Divider
If you use the Divide input, you have a 12 stage clock divider, down to 1/4096. In this case,you can use the PLL tracker section as a separate and independent VCO module and get it to generate squelchy, glitchy noises or as a tracker again.
There are 12 gate outputs. This is where the divided clock exits.
1= /2
8-4 = /4
21.3 = /8
.01 = /16
41 = /32
93 = /64
12 = /128
70 = /256
26 = /512
2 = /1024
-3 = /2048
+-6 = /4096
Random CV or Burst generator.
If you use the Roulette input, it will generate semi-random selections of outputs when the input signal is high....or, depending upon how you drive it and look at the results, it is a burst generator and you can control the frequency of the bursts with the VCO CV input.
VCO
Use the VCO output at the top of the module.
Running it at audio rates turns it into a sub-octave
generator.
You won't hear anything from the VCO out until some CVs or audio is inputted into the
track or roulette inputs. The gate outputs will also fire.
You can control the frequency of the VCO with the VCO range CV input
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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