Sunday, 14 August 2016

Stoic Logic - basic intro

 
There are actually two systems of logic in the classical world.
Stoic and Aristotelian.
 
This page covers some basic ideas of Stoic logic. 
Stoic L is also sometimes called Propositional Logic.
 
Stoic Logic was first developed by Chrysippus, in the 3rd-century BC.
It's teachings were "lost" for many centuries and only rediscovered in the 20th century .
The first person to reappraise their ideas was the Polish logician Jan Łukasiewicz.
 
There appear to be close similarities between the methods of Stoic reasoning and the behaviour of digital computers. ... The code of the nineteeth-century logician and mathematician George Boole bear much in common with Chrysippus. Propositional logic is thus closely related to modern mathematical & Boolean logic.
 
Stoic logic is different from Aristotle's term logic because it was based on the analysis of propositions rather than terms.
 
Aristotelian logic uses terms like all Xs are Ys, some Xs are Ys, and no Xs are Ys
A example is: All men are mortal. Dion is a man.
A conclusion is reached by rules known as Syllogisms.
eg: Therefore, Dion is a mortal.. 
 
Propositional logic uses Propositions. (statements that are either true or false)
It also uses operators ( logical connectives) like the Conditional, Paraconditional, Conjunction, and Disjunction, etc
An example: 
If X then Y; 
Both X and Y; 
Either X or Y. 
These propositions and operators can be combined to create more advanced statements too, like: If A and B, and C or D, then it is not the case that E.
 
So to summarise:
Stoic Logic a system of deduction which uses 2 parts:
1. propositions (statements that are either true or false)
2. operators or logical connectives (which act upon the propositions). 
 
Stoic logic starts with simple propositions. A favorite examples from the ancient texts:
  • Dion is walking.
 We can turn this into a complex proposition by using an "operator".
These are really similar to boolean operators
Boolean Operators are simple words (AND, OR, NOT or AND NOT) used as conjunctions to combine or exclude keywords in a search
 
Stoic  propositions "operators" use terms like:
 
    Conditional (if) :                                        If it is day, it is light.
    Paraconditional/Pseudoconditional (since): Since it is day, it is light.
    Conjunction (and) :                                    Both it is day and it is night.
    Disjunction (either ... or) :                          Either it is day or it is night.
    Causal (because) :                                     Because it is day, it is light.
    Comparative (more/less likely .... than  :     more likely it is day than night     
    The more: It is more day than it is night.
    The less: It is less night than it is day.

 
 
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+ Philosophy index  

Saturday, 13 August 2016

Serge DSG - Dual Universal Slope Generator as an oscillator

Sounds like a spaceship taking off.

I'm revisiting the serge after a very long break.
That DSG (DUSG) is wonderful. Here I'm using it as a VCO but it can be
so many things: clock, pulse divider, envelope follower, Filter, AR Envelope Generator, VCA, LFO, CV & slew limiting processor.


To use as a oscillator you need to patch the "gate out" into the "input" or into the "trigger in".


There are two outputs : Bipolar & classic.
I've patched one into a triple waveshaper (TWS) and the second into a wave multiplier.

It's great esp when used in series as each waveshaper adds a fold to the waveform.
See Ken Stones site:
http://www.cgs.synth.net/modules/cgs85_tws.html
The TWS will transform a sawtooth wave into a sine wave.

There are 3 sections to this wavemultiplier. Each is different.
The top section has two settings. "Lo" ... behaves like a linear VCA.
or "Hi"... clips or squares up incoming waves....good for distortion.

Middle: It gives odd harmonics which sound like wind instruments.
These odd harmonics are often described as "rough" or "dissonant".
I still like the sound ... filter like & full of resonance. The waveforms appear to be clipped using a series of diodes.

Bottom: "performs non-linear wavehaping known as full-wave rectification". (Ken Stone). It gives even harmonics.
Even harmonics generally sound more 'musical' because the original note is reproduced, although 1 or more octaves higher.

The wave multiplier is really powerful timbre modifier. ... and in such a small package.
It's ability to produce odd & even harmonics makes it very musical.
Kind of like the Buchla 296. Though this is more of a filter.


In the late 1960's Buchla made the 148 Harmonic Generator. It used waveshapers to create 9 harmonics above the fundamental. The even harmonics are created with full wave rectifiers just like in the bottom section of the Serge Wave Multiplier.
And the odd harmonics also use diodes as in the middle section of the Serge WM. 
I don't own a 148 (it's extremely rare), but the closest I have is Verbos' Harmonic Oscillator, the 262v.

Sat Jam - Buchla-R Format

This jam is some of our preparation for an upcoming concert (Sat 17th Sept) being held
by New Sound Waves.

Paul (Cobramatic) & I are planning to use a Buchla Music Easel & some Roman & MP Buchla format modules.
This section is just of the Buchla format stuff.
Modules used: 212r (Dodecca), 259r, 248r, 158p, 144p, 205r, 295r, 206r.

..

212r, 205r mixer, 295r filter, 144p VCO.


158p VCO


Strymon Reverb & Delay

Hugo best sci fi novels of the 1960's

This is a list of the best novel award for the 1960's
The Hugos have been awarded since the 1950s.

My personal favourites from the 60's : Dune, Starship Troopers,   
And Call Me Conrad (alt: This Immortal) by Roger Zelazny,
Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany (Nebula Awards)
Solaris, by Stanislaw Lem (1961)
Ice, by Anna Kavan (1967) 
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Philip K Dick (1968)


1960 - Best Novel

Starship Troopers (alt: Starship Soldier) by Robert A. Heinlein [F&SF Oct,Nov 1959; Putnam, 1959]

Publisher    G. P. Putnam's Sons
Publication date
    November 5, 1959[4]
Media type    Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages    263 (paperback edition)

The story was first published as a two-part serial in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (F&SF) as Starship Soldier,

October 1959 ***
November 1959 ***
 
 
 
 
 
1960 - best short story
Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes  

The short story, written in 1958 and first published in the April 1959 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1960. The novel was published in 1966 and was joint winner of that year's Nebula Award for Best Novel (with Babel-17)
***


 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1961- Best Novel

A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller, Jr. [J. B. Lippincott, 1959]

Published    October, 1959 (J. B. Lippincott & Co.)
Media type    Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages    320

The novel is a fix-up of three short stories Miller published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction that were inspired by the author's participation in the bombing of the monastery at the Battle of Monte Cassino during World War II.
 

April 1955 F& SF - A Canticle for Leibowitz +
August 1956 F & SF "And the Light Is Risen" +
Feb 1957 F & SF  "The Last Canticle" +

 
1962 - Best Novel

Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein [Putnam, 1961]

Publisher    G. P. Putnam's Sons
Publication date
    June 1, 1961
Media type    Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
Pages    408 (208,018 words)
ISBN    978-0-441-79034-0












1963 - Best Novel
The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick [Putnam, 1962]
Publisher    Putnam
Publication date
    October 1962
Media type    Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
Pages    240
***

+ The Man in the High Castle - Phillip K Dick -Review











1964 - Best Novel
Here Gather the Stars (alt: Way Station) by Clifford D. Simak [Galaxy Jun,Aug 1963]

Publisher    Doubleday
Publication date
    1963
Media type    Print (hardback & paperback)
ISBN    978-0345284204










 

1965 - Best Novel
The Wanderer by Fritz Leiber [Ballantine, 1964]
 
PublisherBallantine Books
Publication date
1964
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages318
ISBN0-575-07112-5 (SF Masterworks series edition)

***









1966 - Best Novel
Dune by Frank Herbert [Chilton, 1965] (tie) 
And Call Me Conrad (alt: This Immortal) by Roger Zelazny [F&SF Oct,Nov 1965; Ace, 1965] (tie)

Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany (nebula awards)

Dune by Frank Herbert [Chilton, 1965] (tie) 

 Published    August 1965
Publisher    Chilton Books
Media type    Print (hardcover & paperback)
Pages    412



***










 And Call Me Conrad (alt: This Immortal) by Roger Zelazny [F&SF Oct,Nov 1965; Ace, 1965] (tie)

Publisher    Ace Books
Publication date
    July 1966
Media type    Print (Paperback)










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1966 - Best All-Time Series

A special mention about the 1966 Hugo Award for "Best All-Time Series".
This was won by Isaac Asimov for his "Foundation" Series.
This beat JRR Tolken for his "Lord of the Rings" and Robert A. Heinlein for "Future History" .

It's interesting to note that Tolken never won a Hugo award.
Seems that though the Hugos did not exclude fantasy, the award in the 60's was aimed more at science fiction. Times and tastes have certainly changed.
The first fantasy novel to win was Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in 2001.
Since then the Fantasy Genre has found greater acceptance.
Hugo (fantasy) winners include American Gods (2002), Paladin of Souls (2004), Jonathan Strange and Mr. Norrell (2005), The Graveyard Book (2009) & the Broken Earth Trilogy (2016,17,18).

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1967 - Best Novel

The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein



 Publication date
    June 2, 1966
Media type    Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages    382 (1997 Orb books softcover ed.)
ISBN    0-312-86355-1 (1997 Orb books softcover ed.)

 Originally serialized monthly in the magazine Worlds of If (December 1965–April 1966)
[Dec 1965***,Jan***,Feb***,Mar***,Apr*** 1966; Putnam, 1966]




---------
The Best short story award for 1967 was given to Larry Niven, for "Neutron Star".

 It was originally published in the October 1966 issue (Issue 107, Vol 16, No 10) of Worlds of If
***
 
The story is set in Niven's fictional Known Space universe. It is notable for including a neutron star before their (then hypothetical) existence was widely known.
 
Larry Niven won the Hugo award for his later novel Ringworld in 1970. Also set in the "Known Space" universe.







1968 - Best Novel

Lord of Light by Roger Zelazny [Doubleday, 1967]




 Published    1967 Doubleday
Media type    Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages    257
 
Two chapters from the novel were published as novelettes in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction – "Dawn" in April 1967, and "Death and the Executioner" in June 1967. 






1969 - Best Novel

Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner [Doubleday, 1968]

Publisher    Doubleday
Publication date
    1968
Media type    Hardback & paperback
Pages    582
ISBN    0-09-919110-5

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sci Fi Links
+ Hugo Awards Best Sci Fi novels of the 1950's
+ Hugo Awards Best sci fi novels of the 1960's
+ Hugo Awards Best Sci Fi novels of the 1970's
+ Hugo Awards Best Sci Fi Novels of the 1980's
+ Hugo Awards Best Sci Fi novels of the 1990's
+ Hugo awards Best sci fi novel of the 2000's (2000 - 2009)
+ Hugo Awards Best Sci Fi novels for the decade 2010-2019
+ Foundation - Isaac Asimov's
+ Dune - The Chronological order of the novels
+ Dune Universe Timeline
+ I, Robot - Isaac Asimov - novels & Magazines
+ Star Wars 
+ vorkoisgan saga reading order - Lois McMaster Bujold

--------------------------------------------

sci Fi Index

----------------------------------------------

Friday, 12 August 2016

Korg electribe - basic 1 - saving patches

 Some basic controls to get started:
 
Groove boxes like the electribe offer  many possible workflows.
 
The electribe has 16 parts, each represented by one of the 16 main buttons.
Each button is a sound ... a drum, percussion, or synth part.
 
A good way to start is to cycle through each of the manufacturers presets.
Pressing play will allow you to listen to the various tunes/ patterns.
Once you have found something you like stop the sequence & press the trigger button.
 

Pressing each of the 16 pads will now allow you to listen to each sound without the sequence playing.

A good way to start to learn the electribe is to create original sequences with some of the manufacturer's parts.

1. Select a part that you wish to clear of its sequence.
    Use the <PART PART> to navigate to the selected part.
   You will see a light under each pad move to let you know which pad is in focus.



2. Shift & Button 14 (clear sequence)
 This will remove the sequence, but the part settings are left.
 

3. Repeat this for all the 16 parts if you wish to remove all the manufacturers sequences.
    You now have a palette of 16 sounds to work with.

4. We now want to save this to a new slot, and then write new patterns.
     The electribe doesn't automatically save changes so its important to know how to do some basic saving.
     Press SHIFT + WRITE
     The WRITE button will flash 
    Use the master knob to rename the patch
    
5. Press WRITE again
    The electribe is asking where you wich to save the new patch
    To save to a empty slot, use the master knob to scroll to one of the elmpty patches
 
6. Press WRITE again to finally save.
 

 


 


Friday, 5 August 2016

OLED - printing text to the screen

 OLEDs communicate with your Arduino via i2c.
Just 4 wires are needed.
 

Gnd
Vcc
Data connects to A4
Clock connects to A5 (Uno)
 
This is a basic start up splash screen.
There are 3 pages

Libraries Required :

  • Adafruit SSD1306
  • Adafruit GFX

The code:

// *****************

 // install these libraries
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#define OLED_WIDTH 128
#define OLED_HEIGHT 64

#define OLED_ADDR   0x3C
// define the i2c address
// if you don't know the address, use a i2c scanner
// you can have over 100 devices connected

Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_WIDTH, OLED_HEIGHT);

void setup() {
  display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLED_ADDR);
  // this begins the display
  display.clearDisplay();

  display.setTextSize(2); // range of 1 to 8
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 0); // first position on left
  display.println("Welcome");

  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 17); // 17 positions dowm
  display.println("Page 1"); // just like a serial printer
  display.println("intro");
  display.println("display");

  display.display();
  //display function.
  // this is very impt .. it prints everything
  // from memory to the screen

  delay(5000);
}

void loop() {
  display.clearDisplay();

  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 0);
  display.println("Jono");
 display.println("page 2");

  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 35);
  display.println("jondent");
  display.println("Synth Blog");
  display.println("jondent808@gmail.com");
 
 

  display.display();
  delay(5000);

  display.clearDisplay();

  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0, 0); // 0 = collumn, 0 = row
  display.println("Jon's test");
  display.println("page 3");

  display.display();
  delay(5000);
}

// ****************** 

 Links
Thanks to Eli for the inspiration and great tutorials.
 

 ---------------------------------

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Wednesday, 3 August 2016

NLC Bong0 - Drum - Build notes

These are my build notes for the Bong0.
Its a Eurorack module from Non-Linear Circuits

"The bong0 is a twin-T based drum module with a LED acting as a nonlinear resistor to give it some interesting characteristics. 
 
Twin-T Oscillators
(sometimes known as parallel-T oscillators) are another type of RC (resistor-capacitor) oscillator which produces a sinewave output . They require an Op-Amp, some resistors & capacitors.
They are very similar to the Wein-bridge oscillator

The two "Tee" shaped RC networks are part of the OP-amp's feedback loop
between the output and input of the op-amps inverting amplifier.
Note that each of the the resistor & capacitor elements are in an opposing formation
but are connected in parallel.

Because the inverting input is used there is a phase shift of the oscillator by 180 degrees.
Note the "Ladder Network" of resistors & capacitors that form this feedback loop.
This is pretty common with RC Phase-shift Oscillators.

The trigger input acts as a normal input to get your drum sound. The input marked ‘in’ can also be used, or you can jam a CV in there, or a gate or audio. You can just use the ‘in’ input without anything into the trigger.


Bong0 can also be used for basslines, drones and as a crude but useful VCO. It has about 20 passive components which are 0805 smd and 1 thru-hole TL072, meaning it is a good circuit for learning to solder smd parts and delivers way more fun than such a simple module should." (Andrew F).


More Links:
1. Muffs
2. Build notes (NLC)
3. Panel art
4. NLC Blog

 
"Not a smoking implement" - NLC words of wisdom.






The pots are linear 100K






As you can see in these pics I used a green LED.
The LED acts as a nonlinear resistor so i think the type of LED you choose is important.
I couldnt remember the specific specifications of the green LED that I used , but I found that the volume was very low if used as a drum.

I decided to bump it up by swapping the 470K resistor with a 1M.
 If you check the schematics this is the second -ve feedback loop of the 072 op amp.
Andrew reckons it wont hurt anything....except my speakers if I crank it to self-oscillate.

I'll try building this with a blue LED next and see if there is any difference.
--------------
05/05/2018
Yes, the blue LED made a huge difference.
I kept the 470K resistor.


 


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You can find more NLC builds here.
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A side note regarding TT  or twin T oscillators.
Instead of using  a operational amplifier , someting like a logic gate could be substituted to provide the oscillations.
Ive seen a 4011 ic used as a tone generator.
 
The CD 4011 is cheap and includes 4 positive logic NAND gates on a single chip.
The NAND gate is a logic gate that gives a LOW output only when all inputs are HIGH
 

 
 See the RC network below.
The circuit is of a drum machine from the magazine "Practical Electronics", 1978.